It has been reported that one-fifth of the general population in Japan has symptoms associated with insomnia. Insomnia is a common disorder with a remarkably high prevalence –. This does not alter the authors' adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. All relevant data are within the paper.įunding: The authors have no support or funding to report.Ĭompeting interests: Yuichi Inoue has received clinically pertinent fees, lecture fees, and research funding from Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim, Takeda Pharmaceutical, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, Astellas Pharma, Shionogi, and Sanofi-Aventis. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.ĭata Availability: The authors confirm that all data underlying the findings are fully available without restriction. Received: JAccepted: OctoPublished: November 19, 2014Ĭopyright: © 2014 Takaesu et al. PLoS ONE 9(11):Įditor: Yinglin Xia, University of Rochester, United States of America Our results imply the limitation of the effectiveness of hypnotic treatment alone for chronic insomnia.Ĭitation: Takaesu Y, Komada Y, Asaoka S, Kagimura T, Inoue Y (2014) Factors Associated with Long-Term Use of Hypnotics among Patients with Chronic Insomnia. This study revealed that a high PSQI score at the baseline, particularly in the sub-items relating to sleep maintenance disturbance, is predictive of long-term hypnotic treatment. The receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis identified that the cut-off PSQI total score at the baseline for predicting long-term use was estimated at 13.5 points (area under the curve = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.8–0.92). Logistic regression analysis revealed that, among descriptive variables, only the PSQI score appeared as a significant factor associated with long-term use. Among the patients, 54.6% needed to continue hypnotics for a 6-month treatment period. The PSQI included the following sub-items: evaluating sleep quality (C1), sleep latency (C2), sleep duration (C3), habitual sleep efficiency (C4), frequency of sleep disturbance (C5), use of sleeping medication (C6), and daytime dysfunction (C7). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale were self-assessed at the baseline, and the former was re-evaluated at the time of cessation of medication or at the end of the 6-month treatment period. All patients filled out a self-assessment questionnaire asking clinical descriptive variables at the baseline of the treatment period patients received the usual dose of a single type of BZD or BzRA. Consecutive patients (n = 140) with chronic insomnia were enrolled in this study (68 men and 72 women mean age, 53.8☑0.8 years). This study investigated factors associated with long-term use of benzodiazepines (BZDs) or benzodiazepine receptor agonists (BzRAs) as hypnotics in patients with chronic insomnia.
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